Strolls with my Dog

We understand from the previous article that the process of digitizing an optical image with a photographic sensor can be thought of as two subsequent operations: filtering (convolution) of the optical image on the sensing plane by the pixel’s finite effe…

This article and the following one will discuss the effect on resolution of digitizing a continuous optical image.

Because the Slanted Edge Method of estimating the Spatial Frequency Response of a camera and lens is one of the more popular articles on this site, I have fielded variations on the following question many times over the past decade: How do you go from the…

In photography Resolution refers to the ability of an imaging system to capture fine detail from the scene, making it a key determinant of Image Quality.

Texture MTF is a method to measure the sharpness of a digital camera and lens by capturing the image of a target of known characteristics.

Every digital photographer soon discovers that there are three main sources of visible random noise that affect pictures taken in normal conditions: Shot, pixel response non-uniformities (PRNU) and Read noise.[1] Shot noise (sometimes referred to as Photon

In the last article we learned that a complex lens can be modeled as just an entrance pupil, an exit pupil and a geometrical optics black-box in between.

As discussed in the previous article, so far we have assumed ideal optics, with spherical wavefronts propagating into and out of the lens’ Entrance and Exit pupils respectively.

We’ve seen in the last article that the job of an ideal photographic lens is simple: to receive photons from a set of directions bounded by a spherical cone with its apex at a point on the object; and to concentrate them in directions bounded by a spheric…

Imagine a bucolic scene on a clear sunny day at the equator, sand warmed by the tropical sun with a typical irradiance () of about 1000 watts per square meter.