Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland

This is a guide to ethnographic passages from Porphyry on this website: On Abstinence from Killing Animals Theophrastos on piety and human sacrifice among Egyptians, Thracians, Judeans, and Carthaginians – 2.5.1-9.2; 2.11.3-15.3; 2.19.4-31.1; 2.31.7-32.3;…

Ancient authors: Porphyry of Tyre (third century CE), De abstinentia / On Abstinence from Killing Animals 2.53-57 (link; link to Greek.

Ancient author: Lactantius, Divine Institutes 1.6 (link; link to Latin).

This post is a guide for reading through ethnographic passages in Divine Institutes by Lactantius of northern Africa (late third-early fourth century CE): Egyptian, Babylonian, and Persian wisdom from Hermes Trimegistos and the Sibyls – Divine Institutes…

Ancient authors: Josephos, Judean War 7.244-251 (link); Dio Cassius, Roman History 69.15 (via Xiphilinus’ summary).

Ancient author: Lactantius (early fourth century CE), Divine Institutes 2.14, 2.16, and 4.2 (link; link to Latin).

Ancient author: Lactantius, Divine Institutes 1.21 (link; link to Latin).

Ancient authors: Plato (fourth century BCE), Republic 565; Theophrastos of Eresos on Lesbos (fourth century BCE), On Piety, as cited by Porphyry of Tyre (third century CE, De abstinentia / On Abstinence from Killing Animals 2.5.27 (link; link to Greek); P…

Ancient authors: Asklepiades of Cyprus (fourth century BCE) and Neanthes of Kyzikos (fourth century BCE), as cited by Porphyry of Tyre (third century CE), De abstinentia / On Abstinence from Killing Animals 4.15.1-4 (link; link to Greek) = FGHist 752 F1 (…

Ancient authors: Theophrastos of Eresos on Lesbos, On Etruscans, as cited in a marginal scribal note (scholium) on Pindar’s Pythian Ode 2.2 = William W.

Ancient authors: Hellanikos of Lesbos (fifth century BCE), Dikaiarchos of Messena (late fourth century BCE), and others, as cited by Stephanos of Byzantion (sixth century CE), Ethnika, and Eustathios (twelfth century CE), Commentary on Dionysius Periegete…

Ancient authors: Various Greek poets (from the fifth century BCE on) cited by Athenaios (early third century CE), Sophists at Dinner 10.427 (link); Anonymous Judean author (first century CE), 4 Maccabees 10:1-11 (link); Suda lexicon, at eta 11 (link) and…

Ancient author: Valerius Maximus (early first century CE), Memorable Deeds and Sayings 7.6, external / foreign 1-2 (link); Petronius, (first century CE), Satyrica 141 (link); Florus (early second century CE), Epitome of Roman History 1.34 (link); Appian of

Ancient author: Juvenal (early second century CE), Satires 15 (link).

Galatian invaders characterized by Greeks in Asia Minor (279-160s BCE) 1a) Galatian / Celtic invader clubbed by Herakles at Kyzikos (link) 1b) Priene inscription on “impious” and “savage” Galatians (link) 2) Nude Galatian warrior crushed by a war-elephant…

Ancient author: Josephos, Judean Antiquities 18.195-202 and 19.343-350 (link).

Ancient author: Josephos, Judean Antiquities 19.119-153 (link).

Ancient authors: Xanthians, Dorians, and Aitolians, SEG 38 (1988), no. 1476 (206/205 BCE) = Jean Bousquet, “La stèle des Kyténiens à Xanthos de Lycie,” Revue des études grecques 101 (1988): 12–53 (link).

This post is a guide to ethnographic passages in the speeches or Orations of Dio of Prusa, also known as Dio Chrysostom (late first century CE): Barbarian wisdom – 12 (link) Ethnic diversity in Alexandria – 32 (link) Indians’ superior mode of life – 35 (l…

This post is a guide for reading sequentally through ethnographic passages in Strabo of Amaseia’s Geography (early first century CE): Celts, Ethiopians and peoples in the middle – 2.2-2.3 (link) Indians, Ethiopians, and Iberians via Eudoxos of Kyzikos’ su…

Ancient author: Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 17.3.24 (link).

Ancient author: Eratosthenes (third century BCE), Artemidoros of Ephesos (late second century BCE), Gabinius, and others as discussed by Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 17.3.1-23 (with some omisssions) (link).

Ancient author: Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 17.2.1-3 (link).

Ancient author: Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 17.1.1-54 (with some omissions) and 17.2.5 (link).

Ancient authors: Homer, Poseidonios (first century BCE), and others as discussed in Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 16.4.27 (link).

Ancient author: Strabo, Geography 16.4.25-26 (link).

Ancient authors: Poseidonios (?)

Ancient author: Strabo, Geography 16.2.22-24 (link).

Ancient authors: Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 16.1.1-2, 6, 8, 16-18, 20, 24-27 and 16.3.1 (link).

Ancient authors: Eratosthenes (third century BCE), Geography = FGrHist 241 F95; Agatharchides of Knidos (second century BCE), On the Erythraian Sea = FGrHist 86 F32c, 34c, 35c, 47c; Artemidoros of Ephesos (late second century BCE), FGrHist 438 F99-100 (li…

Ancient author: Epiphanios of Salamis on Cyprus, The Medicine Chest / Panarion preface 2, 3 and 1-4 (link to Greek).

This post provides a guide for reading through ethnographic passages on this website from the Roman senator Tacitus (ca. 97-117 CE): Agricola (ca. 97-98 CE) Britons – 10-12 (link) Germania (ca. 98 CE) “Germans,” i.e. peoples northeast of the Rhine – Germa…

Ancient author: Tacitus, Histories 2.61 (link).

Ancient author: Tacitus (early second century CE), Annals 14.29-39 (link); Dio Cassius (early third century CE), Roman History 62.3–6, as summarized by John Xiphilinus (eleventh century; link).

Ancient author: Tacitus, Histories 4.12–18 and 5.17, 24-26 (link).

This is a guide for reading ethnographic passages on this website from Philo of Alexandria (early first century CE): Amalekites as an arch-enemy people (link) Midianites and Moabites / Arabians (link) Egyptians and Judeans in conflict at Alexandria (link)…

This post is a guide for reading through ethnographic passages on this website by Celsus (mid-second century CE) and Origen of Alexandria (mid-third century CE): Barbarian wisdom (link) Persian wisdom, the Magians and howlers of chants (link) Persian and…

Ancient author: Anonymous (mid-fourth century BCE [?])

Ancient author: Philo of Alexandria (early first century CE), Allegorical Interpretation 1.63-70 and 2.65-67 (link).

Ancient authors: Origen (early second century CE), Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.1, as paraphrased by Rufinus (ca. 410 CE) (link); Homilies on the Song of Songs 1.6, in Jerome’s Latin translation (link); On Prayer 27.12.

Ancient author: Firmicus Maternus, On the Errors of Impious Rites / De errore profanarum religionis 1-6 (link; link to Latin).

Ancient authors: Bardaisan of Edessa (late-second to early-third century CE) as presented by Philippos, Book of the Laws of Countries, or Dialogue on Fate = FGrHist 719 F3, sections 1, 12-14, 18-31 (link to Syriac and full translation; link to FGrHist); P…

Ancient authors: Poseidonios of Apameia (early first century BCE), On Ocean, Kidd F49C, as discussed by Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 2.3.4-5 (link).

This post provides a guide for reading sequentally through ethnographic passages from Dio Cassius’ Roman History (ca. 211-233 CE) on this website: Celts / Galatians and their moral character – 12, fragments 50 and 57.6b (link) Romans, an oracle and burying

Ancient authors: Cassius Dio (early third century CE), Roman History 67.4.6-7, as summarized by Zonaras (twelfth century; link); Aristides (mid-second century CE), Orations 41.515 (Letter Concerning Smyrna) (link).

Ancient author: Dio Cassius (early third century CE), Roman History 77.12.1–5 and 77.15.1-5, as summarized by John Xiphilinus (eleventh century; link).

Ancient author: Unstated authors including Herodotos (late fifth century BCE), Histories 1.131-132; and, stated authors Nearchos (late fourth century BCE), FGrHist 133 F26; Polykleitos of Larisa (late fourth century BCE), FGrHist 128 F3a; and, Eratosthenes

Ancient authors: Eratosthenes (third century BCE) and another itinerary source used by Eratosthenes, as discussed by Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 15.2.8-10, 14 (link).

Ancient authors: Nearchos (late fourth century BCE), FGrHist 133, as cited by Arrian of Nikomedia (second century CE), Anabasis, or Indian Matters 8.19-43 (link) and by Strabo, Geography 15.2.2; Agatharchides of Knidos (second century BCE), FGrHist 86 F31…