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Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland

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Articole: 150

  1. Germans, Britons, and Indians: Strabo on travelers, soldiers and merchants as sources of information (early first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Strabo, Geography 2.5.11-13 and 15.1.1-6 (link) Comments: In these two passages – one from the beginning of his work and the other from the introduction to his account of Indians – Strabo outlines not only his own methods but also the meth…

  2. Indians: Megasthenes, Aristoboulos, Onesikritos, and Strabo on Indian customs and on Brahmans (fourth century BCE-early first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    authors: Megasthenes (late fourth century BCE), Indian Matters = FGrHist 715 F19b, 20b, 23b, 27b, 31-34a, 35a; Aristoboulos of Kassandreia (late fourth century BCE), FGrHist 139 F41-42; Onesikritos of Astypalaia (late fourth century BCE), FGrHist 134 F16a,

  3. Indians: Eratosthenes and Strabo on legendary Nysaians and Sibians (third century BCE / early first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Eratosthenes of Cyrene (third century BCE), Geography = FGrHist 241 F21, 69 (link to FGrHist), as discussed and cited by Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 15.1.7-12 (link).

  4. Indians: Iamboulos and Diodoros on a utopian island beyond India (mid-first century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Iamboulos, as cited by Diodoros of Sicily, Library of History 2.55-60 (link) and John Tzetzes (twelfth century CE), Book of Histories / Chiliades 7.711-729 (link; link to Greek).

  5. Celts: Cicero on Gauls and the link between imperial conquest and negative stereotypes (mid-first century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Marcus Tullius Cicero, On the Consular Provinces 31-35 (link).

  6. Egyptians: Ammonios’ papyrus letter on “inhuman Egyptians” (third century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Ammonios (third century CE), Oxyrhynchos Papyri / POxy XIV 1681 (link; link to papyri.info).

  7. Guide to Cicero

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    This post provides a guide for reading through ethnographically significant passages in Cicero’s (mid-first century BCE) treatises, letters, and speeches on this website: Assyrians, Chaldeans, Egyptians, Celts and divination – On the Republic (link) Egypt…

  8. Guide to Hekataios of Miletos

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    This is a guide for reading through significant ethnographic passages in the remaining fragments of Hekataios of Miletos’ works (FGrHist 1; sixth-fifth centuries BCE) on this website: Tremilians / Lycians in southern Asia Minor – F10 (link) Barbarians of…

  9. Syrians, Persians, Indians, Libyans, and others: Hekataios of Miletos on peoples of Asia (sixth century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Hekataios of Miletos (sixth-fifth centuries BCE), Asia = FGrHist 1 F198-299, F325-357 (link to FGrHist), with some omissions, as cited by Stephanos of Byzantion (sixth century CE), Ethnika, various entries, by Harpokration, Lexicon on Ten…

  10. Scythians and Thracians: Hekataios of Miletos on European peoples (sixth century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Hekataios of Miletos (sixth-fifth centuries BCE), Europe, = FGrHist 1 F170-193 (link to FGrHist), with some omissions, as cited by Stephanos of Byzantion (sixth century CE), Ethnika, various entries.

  11. Pelasgians, Lelegians, and others: Hekataios of Miletos and Strabo on barbarians of Greece (sixth century BCE on)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Hesiod (eighth century BCE), Hekataios of Miletos (early fifth century BCE), FGrHist 1 F119 (link to FGrHist), and Aristotle (fourth century BCE), Communal Organizations, as discussed and amplified by Strabo (early first century CE), Geog…

  12. Phoenicians: Dion and Menander on competition between Tyrian and Israelite kings (before the late first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Dios, Inquiries Concerning the Phoenicians = FGrHist 785 F1; Menandros of Ephesos, FGrHist 783 F1 (link to FGrHist), as cited by Josephos, Against Apion 1.112-127 (link).

  13. Parthians: Dio Cassius on their empire and military customs (early third century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Dio Cassius, Roman History 40.14-15 (link).

  14. Parthians and Arabians: Isidoros of Charax and the imperial purposes of geographic and ethnographic information (late first century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Isidoros of Charax Spasinou, Description of Parthia = FGrHist 781 T1 and F2 (link to FGrHist), as discussed by Pliny the Elder, Natural History 6.141 and partially preserved in Codex Parisinus 443 (link).

  15. Phoenician perspectives: Philo of Byblos on “Phoenician Matters” (early second century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Philo of Byblos (and Sanchuniathon), Phoenician Matters = FGrHist 790 (link to FGrHist), as cited by Eusebius, Preparation for the Gospel 1.9.23-29; 1.10.6; 1.9.30-10.42; 1.10.44 = 4.16.11 (link; Greek text follows translation below).

  16. Lycians: Menekrates of Xanthos and Polycharmos on Lycian origins and the practice of fish-divination (late fifth century BCE on)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Panyassis of Halikarnassos and Hekataios of Miletos, FGrHist 1 F10, as cited by Stephanos of Byzantion, Ethnika, at Tremile; Herodotos of Halikarnassos, Histories 1.183 (link to surrounding passages on Lydians); Menekrates of Xanthos (per…

  17. Carthaginians: Plato, Aristotle, Polybios and others on their character and communal organization (fourth century BCE on)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Plato (fourth century BCE), Laws 637, 674a-b (link); Aristotle (fourth century BCE), Politics 1272b, 1324b (link); Polybios (mid-second century BCE), Histories 1.3, 5; 6.43, 51-52, 56 (link); Plutarch (early second century CE), Precepts of

  18. Scythians, Thracians, Celts, and Persians: Plato on heavy-drinking and war-like peoples (early fourth century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Plato, Laws 1.637 (link).

  19. Lelegians: Plutarch on Greek Trallians’ treatment of indigenous peoples (early second century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Plutarch, Greek Questions 46 (link).

  20. Lelegians and Carians: Philippos of Theangela on civilized Carians and savage Lelegians (third century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Philippos of Theangela, Carians Matters = FGrHist 741 F1-3 (link to FGrHist), as cited by Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 14.2.28 (link); Athenaios, Sophists at Dinner 271b; Scholia on Euripides, Rhesos 509.

  21. Pelasgians: Strabo on a legendary migrating people (early first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Strabo, Geography 13.3 and 5.2.4 (link) Comments: Continuing with his discussion of now gone peoples in western Asia Minor (just after Lelegians and Kilikians), Strabo moves on to the Pelasgians and their migrations, with a variety of loca…

  22. Judeans: Dio Cassius on customs and Roman elite attitudes (early third century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Dio Cassius, Roman History, various passages (link).

  23. Indians: Skylax of Karyanda, a Persian imperial ethnographic expedition, and paradoxical peoples (late sixth century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Skylax of Karyanda in Caria (late sixth century BCE), FGrHist 709 F1, 5, 7a-b (link to FGrHist), as cited by Herodotos (late fifth century BCE), Histories 4.44; Aristotle, Politics 1332b (link); Philostratos of Lemnos, The Life of Apollon…

  24. Lydian diasporas: Herodotos, Timaios of Tauromenion, and others on legends of migration to Tyrrhenia (late fourth century BCE on)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Herodotos of Halikarnassos (late fifth century BCE), Histories, or Inquiries 1.94 (link); Timaios of Tauromenion on Sicily (early third century BCE), FGrHist 566 F62a (link to FGrHist), as cited by Tertullian, On Spectacles 5.2 (link); Str…

  25. Babylonian wisdom: Iamblichos on Mesopotamian legends and his training in Magian skills (mid-second century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Iamblichos, Babylonian Story, as summarized by Photios (eighth century CE), Bibliotheke, or Collection of Books, codex 94 (link; link to Greek of Iamblichos) and as described by Scholia on Photios, codex 94 (link).

  26. Armenians: Kyrsilos and Strabo on a Thessalian origin story, on worship of Anahita and on supposed sacred prostitution (early first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Kyrsilos of Pharsalos (late fourth century BCE), FGrHist 130 F1, and Medeios of Larissa (late fourth century BCE), FGrHist 129 F1 (link to FGrHist), in Strabo (first century CE), Geography 11.14 (link).

  27. Medes: Nearchos and Strabo on neighbouring bandit-peoples and on Median customs (early first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Nearchos and Apollodoros of Artemita, as discussed by Strabo, Geography 11.13 (link).

  28. Arabians: Strabo and others on Aelius Gallus’ expeditions and the imperial purposes of ethnographic knowledge (early first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Strabo, Geography 2.5.12 and 16.4.22-24 (link); Pliny the Elder, Natural History 6.160-161 (link); Dio Cassius, Roman History 53.29.8 (link).

  29. Ethiopians: Diodoros on their claims, appearance, and customs (mid-first century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Herodotos, Ktesias, Agatharchides, and others in Diodoros of Sicily, Library of History 2.15 (link) and 3.2-11 (link).

  30. Ethiopians: Aristokreon on a people ruled by a dog (mid-third century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Aristokreon (mid-third century BCE), FGrHist 667 F2, 3, 4a, 4b (link to FGrHist), as discussed by Pliny the Elder (mid-first century CE), Natural History 6.183, 191-192 (link); Aelian, On the Characteristics of Animals 7.40 (link); and, P…

  31. Ethiopians: Dalion on paradoxical peoples (mid-third century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Dalion (mid-third century BCE), Ethiopian Matters = FGrHist 666 F2-4 (link to FGrHist), as discussed by Pliny the Elder, Natural History 6.183, 194-195 and 7.17 (link).

  32. Carians, Galatians, Halizonians, and others: Ephoros and Apollodoros of Athens on Anatolian peoples (mid-fourth century BCE on)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Ephoros of Kyme (mid-fourth century), Histories = FGrHist 70 F162, and Apollodoros of Athens (second century BCE), FGrHist 244 F170, 171, 207 (link to FGrHist), as discussed by Strabo, Geography 14.5.21-29; 12.3.24-25; and, 14.2.28 (link)…

  33. Trojans, Lelegians, and Kilikians: Homer and Strabo on legendary peoples and migrations of historical peoples in Anatolia (early first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Homer (ninth century BCE), Ephoros of Kyme (mid-third century BCE), Apollodoros of Athens (second century BCE), On the Catalogue of Ships = FGrHist 244 F170, and others as discussed in Strabo, Geography 13.1, 3 and 14.5.22-29 (link).

  34. Lycians, Pamphylians, and Cilicians: Strabo contrasts civilized and uncivilized peoples in southern Anatolia (early first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Artemidoros of Tarsos (first century BCE) and Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 14.3-14.5 (link).

  35. Romans: Livy, Pliny, Plutarch, and Dio on Roman human sacrifice of Gauls and Greeks (late first century BCE on)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Livy (late first century BCE), Roman History 22.57.6 (link); Pliny the Elder (mid-first century CE), Natural History 28.10-13 and 30.12-13 (link); Plutarch (early second century CE), Roman Questions 32, 83 (link); Plutarch, Marcellus 3 (l…

  36. Egyptian perspectives: Chairemon on Egyptian temple functionaries and the astral significance of gods (first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Chairemon of Alexandria, FGrHist 618 F6 and F4, as cited by Porphyry, On Abstinence from Killing Animals 4.6-8 and as discussed in Porphyry, Letter to Anebo as cited by Eusebios, Preparation for the Gospel 3.4.1-3 (link; link to Greek).

  37. Romans: Dionysios on Roman origins, Italic peoples, and legends of Greek and Pelasgian migrations to Italy (late first century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Dionysios of Halikarnassos (late first century BCE), Roman Antiquities 1.2-44, 89-90; 2.49; 3.32; 5.37; 7.70-73 (link) Comments: We know very little about the Greek author Dionysios (or: Dionysius) beyond what he tells us: that he is from…

  38. Italic peoples: Cato, Livy, and Florus on Sabines, Samnites, and others (early second century BCE on)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Zenodotos of Troizen, FGrHist 19 (though this citation was missed there and in BNJ), as discussed in Cato, Origins 2.21-22 (link), as cited by Dionysios of Halikarnassos, Servius, and Velleius Paterculus; Livy, History of Rome 7.29; 9.13.…

  39. Italic peoples: Strabo on Latins, Sabines, Samnites, Umbrians, Lucanians, and others (early first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 5.1.1-6.3.11 (link).

  40. Romans: Strabo on Roman superiority and conquest of peoples (early first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Strabo, Geography 6.4.1-2 (link).

  41. Italic peoples: Antiochos of Syracuse on migrations of peoples to and within Italy (late fifth century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Antiochos of Syracuse (late fifth century BCE), Sicilian History = FGrHist 555 F1-6, 9, 12-13 (link to FGrHist), as cited by Pausanias, Description of Greece 10.11.3-4; Dionysios, Roman Antiquities 1.12.3; 1.22.1-6; 1.35.1-3; 1.73; Strabo,

  42. Tyrrhenians: Strabo on Etruscans as a powerful “bandit” people (early first century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Strabo, Geography 5.1.10; 5.2.2; 5.4.3 (link).

  43. Kimmerian diasporas: Ephoros on legends about Avernus in Italy (mid-fourth century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Ephoros of Kyme (mid-third century BCE), FGrHist 70 F134a (link to FGrHist), as discussed by Strabo (early first century CE), Geography 5.1.1-6.3.11 (link).

  44. Assyrians, Medes, Persians, Macedonians, and Parthians: Polyhistor, Bion and Agathias on a succession of empires (mid-first century BCE on)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Alexander Polyhistor (mid-first century BCE), FGrHist 273 F81a, and Bion (before the early third century CE), FGrHist 89 F1a, as discussed by Agathias Scholastikos (sixth century CE) (link to FGrHist).

  45. Guide to Plutarch of Chaironeia

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    This is a guide to ethnographic passages from the works of Plutarch of Chaironeia (early second century CE) and works attributed to him (Pseudo-Plutarch*) on this website: Characterizations of peoples (alphabetical by principal people) Barbarian slaves as…

  46. Scythian wisdom: Plutarch on Anacharsis at the dinner of the seven sages (early second century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Plutarch, Dinner of the Seven Sages 1-3, 5-6, 8-10, 12, 21 (link).

  47. Persians, Celts, Thracians, and others: Polyainos on “tricky” barbarians (mid-second century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Herodotos and other sources as compiled by Polyainos, Strategies in War, parts of book 7 (on “barbarians”) (link; link to Greek).

  48. Persians, Tyrrhenians and Lycians: Plutarch on brave women and effeminate men (early second century CE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Plutarch (early second century CE), Virtues of Women, aka Bravery of Women, excerpts involving non-Greek peoples (link).

  49. Babylonian / Persian wisdom: Philodemos, Seneca, and others on Chaldeans / Magians at Plato’s death (first century BCE on)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient authors: Philodemos of Gadara (first century BCE) pictured citing Neanthes of Kyzikos (?)

  50. Libyans, Iberians, and Celts: Cicero on controlling “savage” peoples (mid-first century BCE)

    (Ethnic Relations and Migration in the Ancient World: The Websites of Philip A. Harland)

    Ancient author: Marcus Tullius Cicero (mid-first century BCE), Letters to his Brother Quintus 1.27-29 (link).