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The lambda calculus represents a minimalistic, prototypical programming language.
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A previous post indicated how lambda terms comprise the states of a particular labeled transition system and that the natural notion of equivalence of states within this system is applicative bisimilarity.
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In these notes, I discuss Cantor's famous "zigzag" argument.
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This post discusses the denotational semantics of the lambda calculus.
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In this post, I will discuss Howe's method (due to computer scientist Douglas J.
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In this post we will explore a notion of equivalence between terms in the lambda calculus known as applicative bisimilarity.
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A previous post explored the concept of structural induction.
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How is the area of an arbitrary simple polygon computed?
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The principle of mathematical induction on the natural numbers is well known: it states that the set of natural numbers \(\mathbb{N}\) is the smallest set containing \(0\) and closed under the successor operation \(n \mapsto n + 1\).
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In this post, we will prove a useful theorem about surface integrals.
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The notion of infinitesimals, i.e., infinitely small quantities, was applied historically by figures such as Newton and Leibniz to problems of analysis.
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In a previous post, I described solid angle using tools from calculus.
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The recursive functions are one model of computation.
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What are the real numbers?
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An integral is a continuous analog of a sum.
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This post will examine Darboux's theorem, an important theorem in symplectic geometry.
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There are three standard approaches to classical mechanics, each named after their respective originator: Newtonian mechanics - after Sir Isaac Newton, Lagrangian mechanics - after Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Hamiltonian mechanics - after Sir William Rowan Ham…
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Imagine a spring suspended vertically downward from a horizontal surface with an object attached to the bottom of the spring, as in the following figure.
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There are many situations in which various classical mathematical theories fail to apply yet we would like them to apply nonetheless.