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  1. Not being awkward is NP-hard

    This meme got me thinking: That feeling when you’re smart enough to know how awkward you are, but not smart enough to know how not to be awkward The reason it works that way is because not being awkward is NP-hard, and I can prove it.

  2. My Carlin-esque list of pet peeves

    Not that I’m remotely as funny as George Carlin, or that this list is funny at all.

  3. A silly argument: The goal of this activity/institution is to achieve X.

  4. How do I know if I'm dreaming?

    I’ve been interested in lucid dreaming since high school, with just enough success to say that my efforts haven’t been a complete waste of time.

  5. Wartime ethics is weird

    The ethical principles that most people hold—and hold most strongly—go completely out the window when it comes to war.

  6. Alignment Bootstrapping Is Dangerous

    AI companies want to bootstrap weakly-superhuman AI to align superintelligent AI.

  7. I’ve been playing a lot of MTG Arena lately, but I refuse to spend any money on it, which means I can’t craft many rare cards.

  8. How to Fix Quidditch

    Inspired by this post by Tomás Bjartur, which is an allegory; but I’m not writing an allegory, I’m writing about the rules of Quidditch.

  9. I don't like having goals

    Sometimes I’m talking about lifting weights and someone asks me, “What’s your goal weight?”

  10. Some Curiosity Stoppers I've Heard

    A curiosity stopper is an answer to a question that gets you to stop asking questions, but doesn’t resolve the mystery.

  11. Where I Am Donating in 2025

    Last year I gave my reasoning on cause prioritization and did shallow reviews of some relevant orgs.

  12. Vizzini: Inconceivable!

  13. Introduction Even if we solve the AI alignment problem, we still face post-alignment problems, which are all the other existential problems1 that AI may bring.

  14. Do Disruptive or Violent Protests Work?

    Previously, I reviewed the five strongest studies on protest outcomes and concluded that peaceful protests probably work (credence: 90%).

  15. Why would God have a gender?

    Classically, according to the Abrahamic religions, God is a man.

  16. Not-Discovered-Here Syndrome

    An investor is considering putting her money into a mutual fund.

  17. One day, I was at my grandma’s house reading the Sunday funny pages, when I suddenly felt myself getting sucked into a Garfield comic.

  18. What If Ghosts Were Real?

    If we are correct about the laws of physics, then ghosts can’t exist.

  19. (Here is the same clip in HD, but that 2010 YouTube vibe is part of the fun) This clip is in the running for most-mocked scene of all time, but I think it’s good, actually.

  20. Political advocacy is an important lever for reducing existential risk.

  21. Ideas Too Short for Essays, Part 2

    Nearly nine years after part 1, I bring three new short ideas.

  22. Are Groot and Baby Groot the Same Person?

    This post contains spoilers for Guardians of the Galaxy.

  23. A Thesis Regarding The Impossibility Of Giving Accurate Time Estimates, Presented As An Experiment On Form In Which The Essay Solely Consists Of A Title; In Which The Thesis States That, If Task Times Follow A Pareto Distribution (With The Right Parameters), Then An Unknown Task Takes Infinite Time In Expectation; And Therefore, In The General Case, You Cannot Provide An Accurate Time Estimate Because Any Finite Estimate Provided Will Not Capture The Expected Value; And, More Precisely, Every Estimate Will Be An Underestimate, Because Every Number Is Smaller Than Infinity; And This Matches With The General Observation That, When People Estimate Task Times, They Usually Underestimate The True Time; However, In Opposition To This Thesis Are At Least Two Observations; First, That Even If Tasks Take Infinite Time In Expectation, The Median Task Time Is Finite, And An Infinite-Expected-Value Task-Time Distribution Does Not Preclude The Possibility That Time Estimates Can Overestimate As Often As They Underestimate, But People Fail To Do This; Second, That Certain Known Biases That Result In People Underestimating The Difficulty Of Tasks, Such As Envisioning The Best-Case Scenario Rather Than The Average Case; However, In Defense Of The Original Thesis, Optimism Bias And The Pareto-Distributed Problem Space May Be Two Perspectives On The Same Phenomenon; But Even If We Reconcile The Second Concern With The Thesis, We Are Still Left With The First Concern, In Which An Unbiased Estimate Of The Median Time Should Still Be Possible, But People Are Overly Optimistic About Median Task Times; Thus, Ultimately Concluding That The Thesis Of This Essay--Or, More Accurately, The Thesis Of This Title--Is A Faulty Explanation Of People's General Inability To Provide Accurate Time Estimates; Then Following Up This Thesis With The Additional Observation That We Can Model Tasks As Turing Machines; And The Halting Problem States That It Is Impossible In General To Say Whether A Turing Mac

  24. Upside Volatility Is Bad

    Investors often say that standard deviation is a bad way to measure investment risk because it penalizes upside volatility as well as downside.

  25. Is it a good use of time to call or write your representatives to advocate for issues you care about?

  26. Things I Learned from College

    (that I still remember a decade later) Evolution on Earth Fact 1: When foxes are bred to be more docile, their ears become floppy like dogs’ ears instead of pointy like wild foxes’.

  27. Cash Back

    When I was 18, my dad took me to the bank to get my first credit card.

  28. I’m playing Elden Ring.

  29. Do Small Protests Work?

    TLDR: The available evidence is weak.

  30. My Third Caffeine Self-Experiment

    Last year I did a caffeine cycling self-experiment and I determined that I don’t get habituated to caffeine when I drink coffee three days a week.

  31. Things I've Become More Confident About

    Last year, I wrote a list of things I’ve changed my mind on.

  32. Epistemic status: This entire essay rests on two controversial premises (linear aggregation and antispeciesism) that I believe are quite robust, but I will not be able to convince anyone that they’re true, so I’m not even going to try.

  33. I’m pretty sure that the next generation of LLMs will be safe.

  34. Mechanisms Rule Hypotheses Out, But Not In

    If there is no plausible mechanism by which a scientific hypothesis could be true, then it’s almost certainly false.

  35. Is moral offsetting a good idea?

  36. This post is about the niche intersection of Emacs and Magic: the Gathering.

  37. AI Safety Landscape and Strategic Gaps

    I wrote a report giving a high-level review of what work people are doing in AI safety.

  38. Healthy Cooking Tips from a Lazy Person

    source The problem with most “lazy cooking” advice is that it’s not lazy enough.

  39. Or, more accurately, the fact that he said the Avengers only won once can’t be taken as evidence about what he really saw.

  40. On most questions about the future, I don’t hold a strong view.

  41. It’s common for monthly subscription services to offer a discount if you pay annually instead.

  42. LLMs might already be conscious

    Among people who have thought about LLM consciousness, a common belief is something like LLMs might be conscious soon, but they aren’t yet.

  43. In Which I Defend Fruit's Honor

    Confidence: Likely.

  44. Updates Digest: Inaugural Edition

    On many occasions, I edit old posts to make additions, correct mistakes, etc.

  45. Against Ergodicity Economics

    Confidence: Highly likely.

  46. Edited 2025-05-26 to correct an inaccuracy—originally I said butter goes in the Dairy group but actually it goes in the Fats, Oils & Sweets group.

  47. TLDR: A meta-analysis allegedly showed that a 500-calorie deficit is the sweet spot to avoid losing lean mass, but the interpretation of the data was wrong and actually it didn’t show that.

  48. Cross-posted to the EA Forum.

  49. Do Protests Work? A Critical Review

    James Özden and Sam Glover at Social Change Lab wrote a literature review on protest outcomes1 as part of a broader investigation2 on protest effectiveness.

  50. The Triple-Interaction-Effects Argument

    In this post I will explain the most impressive argument I heard in 2024.