Blast from the Past: NACA Icing Publications

Although horizontal extent is a common term in the icing literature, it has not been defined anywhere.

"The main goal of these workshops is to assess state-of-the-art of icing prediction tools with 2D and 3D experimental data" Summary The series of Ice Prediction Workshops 1 have the purposes: The main goal of these workshops is to assess state-of-the-art…

"The National Technical Information Service acquires, indexes, abstracts, and archives the largest collection of U.S. government-sponsored technical reports in existence. " The Defense Technical Information Center The Defense Technical Information Center…

"These data will be useful in evaluating and formulating ice accretion analyses and also performance penalty predictions." from NASA-TM-83556.

"No certain explanation for the poor repeatability of glaze ice shapes is available at this time."

"The documents were so old, however, that they were not listed in the modern computerized library search systems, and some of these documents were out of print." 1 NACA Cleveland library, circa 1945.

"an empirical relationship was obtained which correlated ice accretion thickness and ice angles with theoretical impingement parameters." 1 Introduction Studies have correlated icing conditions to ice shapes and their effects.

"Use of these relationships allows the direct determination of ice shapes adjusted for any given icing and flight condition as well as for size and sweep of the airfoil" 1 Experimental ice shapes compared to a LEWICE analysis.

"The resulting analysis showed that LEWICE compared well to the available experimental data." 1 An example of a good comparison between analysis and experiment.

"This demonstrates that the automated process cannot (yet) be substituted for good engineering judgment."

"It is possible for any (or all!)

"No data is clean, but most is useful." attributed to Dean Abbott.

"... all publicly available IRT-generated experimental ice shapes with complete and verifiable conditions have now been compiled into one electronically-searchable database" NASA Report E-16236 1.

"As with any scientific endeavor, the foundation of icing research ... is the data acquired during experimental testing."

"These incidents underscore the urgent need for reliable, real-time ice detection systems to prevent dangerous icing conditions and enhance operational safety." 1 Fig. 9.

Discussion I had the honor of doing the first presentation for the FAA Aircraft Icing Forum The Aircraft Icing Forum, hosted jointly by Cris Bosetti (FAA) and Dr.

"it shall be the duty of the advisory committee for aeronautics to supervise and direct the scientific study of the problems of flight with a view to their practical solution" From commons.wikimedia.org.

"Aircraft are now capable of flying in icing clouds without difficulty, however, because research by the NACA and others has provided the engineering basis for icing protection systems" "THE ICING PROBLEM - CURRENT STATUS NACA TECHNIQUES AND RESEARCH" 1 A…

"These high-speed aircraft cruise at altitudes at which little, if any, icing occurs."

"high-speed, high-altitude airplanes will encounter much less icing than older type airplanes" "NACA Conference on Some Problems of Aircraft Operation" 1 Abstract The formation of ice on aircraft in flight is caused by the freezing of supercooled liquid -…

"A solution to a problem ... of ice can usually be found, but the solution always involves penalties."

"Aircraft are now capable of flying in icing clouds without difficulty, however, because research by the NACA and others has provided the engineering basis for icing protection systems" 1 From Rodert, NACA Conference on Aircraft Ice Prevention. 2 NACA hos…

The team is working furiously to complete reviews of all 132 publications from the "Historical Selected Bibliography of NACA-NASA Icing Publications" by the third anniversary of icinganalysis.com on January 15, 2025.

"This criterion, unavoidably subjective in nature, caused considerable scatter in the data" "Heat Requirements for Ice Protection of a Cyclically Gas-Heated, 36° Swept Airfoil with Partial-Span Leading-Edge Slat" 1 SUMMARY Heating requirements for satisfa…

"Ice formation on the unheated leading edge, which may occur prior to activation of the heating system, was removed in 1 to 1 1/2 minutes by a hot-gas-flow rate that would be sufficient for normal anti-icing."

"... quick and reliable shedding of dangerous leading-edge ice caps and good heat utilization."

"Very few data are available on the physical properties of ice formations having a density other than that of clear, solid ice" "Experimental Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Low-Density Ice" 1 Abstract SUMMARY The thermal conductivity of low-dens…

"in icing conditions, periodic attempts should be made to throwoff the accretions by increasing propeller speed."

"radome icing has serious effects on the radar operation" "An Analytical Study of Heat Requirements for Icing Protection of Radomes" Abstract The heat requirements for the icing protection of two radome configurations have been studied. over a range of de…

"The current use of improved airplane ice-prevention equipment has extended operations in icing conditions and thus accentuated the need for protecting aircraft antennas against structural failures resulting from ice accretions" "Determination of Aircraft…

"After 7 minutes of icing, however, one antenna element experienced a vibratory failure" "Vibration and Investigation of CAA Type V-I09 Very-High-Frequency Aircraft Antenna" 1 Abstract Vibration and icing determinations on a CAA type V-109 very- high-freq…

"The current use of improved airplane ice-prevention equipment has extended operations in icing conditions and thus accentuated the need for protecting aircraft antennas against structural failures resulting from ice accretions" These reviews are for stud…

"rain deflection by jet blast appears feasible for flight speeds" "Preliminary Data on Rain Deflection from Aircraft Windshields by Means of High Velocity Jet-Air Blast" 1 Abstract A preliminary experimental investigation is being conducted to determine t…

"For practical application ... the discharging of heated jets into an air stream requires knowledge of the temperature profiles downstream of the heated jet and of the depth of penetration" "General Correlation of Temperature Profiles Downstream of Heated…

"square orifices ... provided that a jet dimension equal to the diameter of the equivalent area circle was used" "Penetration of air jets issuing from circular, square, and elliptical orifices directed perpendicularly to an air stream" 1 Abstract An exper…

"it was necessary to define the penetration as the point at which the temperature is 1° F above the free-stream total temperature" "Investigation of the Penetration of an Air Jet Directed Perpendicularly to an Air Stream" 1 An experimental investigation w…

"Excellent correlation was obtained between the results for a jet discharging into still air and ... into a moving air stream" "Investigation of Flow Coefficient of Circular, Square, and Elliptical Orifices at High Pressure Ratios" 1 Abstract An experimen…

"rain deflection by jet blast appears feasible for flight speeds" From NACA-RM-E55E17a.

"the contour plots indicate that cowl-lip disturbances are the more controlling factor" "Total Pressure Distortion and Recovery of Supersonic Nose Inlet with Conical Centerbody in Subsonic Icing Conditions" 1 Abstract Ice was formed on a full-scale unheat…

"Rotational speeds up to 1200 rpm had no apparent effect on the heat-transfer characteristics of the spinner" "Investigation of Heat Transfer from a Stationary and Rotating Conical Forebody" Abstract The convective heat transfer from the surface of a coni…

"Many aircraft components are essentially simple bodies of revolution; examples of these are radomes, body noses, engine accessory housings, and the large spinners of turboprop engines" "Investigation of Heat Transfer from a Stationary and Rotating Ellips…

"Serious icing of a turbojet-engine installation may render the engine inoperative in a matter of minutes."

"Experience has shown that ... the inlet guide vanes of an axial-flow turbojet engine constitute the most critical component to be protected from icing" "Investigation of Power Requirements for Ice Prevention and Cyclical De-Icing of Inlet Guide Vanes with

"Ice formations ... may have the following effects, which when combined may become serious enough to necessitate a shutdown of the engine: reduced engine thrust, increased,fuel consumption, and increased tail-pipe temperature."

"Use of the hot-gas method of anti-icing has been restricted ... because of difficulty in controlling the rate of heat dissipation" "Improvements in Heat Transfer for Anti-Icing of Gas-Heated Airfoils with Internal Fins and Partitions" 1 Abstract The effe…

"The engine was satisfactorily accelerated to take-off power after approximately 45 minutes in the icing condition" "Natural Icing of an Axial-Flow Turbojet Engine in Flight for a Single Icing Condition" 1 Abstract An investigation has been conducted In n…

"Ice formations penetrated to the second-stage rotor blades" "Preliminary Results of Natural Icing of an Axial-Flow Turbojet Engine" 1 Abstract A flight investigation is being conducted in natural icing conditions to determine the effect of ice formations…

"The icing of the unprotected installation presents a serious operational problem" "Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Icing of an Engine Cooling-Fan Installation" 1 Abstract An investigation was made of the icing characteristics and means of ice protection of a

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