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  1. TL;DR Part 1 covered the patterns.

  2. TL;DR A deadlock is two transactions each holding a lock the other needs, caught in a cycle the engine breaks by killing one.

  3. TL;DR NULL is the absence of a value, and SQL evaluates expressions involving it under three-valued logic (TRUE / FALSE / UNKNOWN).

  4. TL;DR Most silently wrong SQL comes from the same root cause: a join that multiplies rows in a way the author didn’t expect.

  5. TL;DR Uniqueness governs correctness, selectivity governs performance.

  6. Comment Your Schema

    TL;DR Every major database engine lets you attach comments to tables and columns: descriptions that live in the schema itself and show up in every tool that reads it.

  7. Foreign Keys Are Not Optional

    TL;DR Foreign keys are the last line of defense against orphaned data, silent corruption, and integrity issues that compound over time.