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  1. Around 5,000 years ago, when writing was in its infancy and Egypt had just been united under a single king, the first pharaohs picked a patch of desert at Abydos, in Upper Egypt (the southern part of the country, upriver on the Nile), as their final resti…

  2. An ox, a ram and a pig, surrounded by garlands, festoons and carved ox skulls, share a single block of stone.

  3. In August AD 117, a ship carrying the Roman emperor put in at the coast of Cilicia, in what is now southern Turkey.

  4. More than 5,000 animal bones from the rubbish heaps of a neighborhood in Salamanca, Spain, show how a wealthy extended family ate some 2,600 years ago.

  5. Long ago, the patch of sky that would become our galactic neighbourhood looked nothing like a galaxy.

  6. Proposed dates for the arrival of the first humans in the Americas span more than 100,000 years.

  7. A few inches below the forest floor in the eastern Taunus hills lies a stretch of the Roman frontier that has barely been examined.

  8. In late July 1926, the Swedish archaeologist Axel Persson and his team had been digging the beehive-shaped tomb at Dendra, in the southern Peloponnese, for three weeks, and they were tired.

  9. On 26 August 1346, English and French armies met at one of the most important battles of the Hundred Years’ War: Crécy.

  10. Dig a trench for a canal that will run 107 kilometres (66 miles) across northern France and you expect scraps: a stretch of road, perhaps, or a lone farmstead.

  11. Of all the animals shown in the tombs and art of ancient Egypt, very few have a name.

  12. A metal detector has pulled a small lead statuette of Venus Pudica out of a forest in the Buda Hills, northwest of Budapest.

  13. Around 1880, men cutting peat at Dejbjerg, in western Jutland (Denmark), began pulling bronze pieces out of the bog that shone as if they were new.

  14. Some lakes give up shipwrecks, and Arendsee, in northern Germany, has already given up one.

  15. In southwestern Germany, an open-air museum and a website present the Heuneburg as the “Celtic city of Pyrene”, a settlement already thriving when Rome was still a small village on the Tiber.

  16. Around 30 million years ago, a heavily built animal prowled the area that is now Vallbona de les Monges, in Lleida province (Catalonia, northeastern Spain).

  17. Most of the Persian kings whose names we know are Cyrus, Darius, Cambyses, Xerxes, Artaxerxes, Khosrow.

  18. On 28 September 2026, Turkey’s Minister of Culture and Tourism, Mehmet Nuri Ersoy, announced on X the recovery of 2,100-year-old tableware from the Adrasan wreck, a merchant ship that went down off the coast of Antalya.

  19. Cyrene was one of the wealthiest Greek cities in the ancient Mediterranean, built on a plateau some 9 km (about 6 miles) inland from Libya’s northeastern coast, on what is now known as Jebel Akhdar.

  20. Inside a Roman legionary fortress, almost nobody had a private bathroom.

  21. Picture ancient Egypt’s funerary cult and the mind jumps to the dead themselves: the offerings, the gods, the pageantry.

  22. Some 2,500 years ago, Babylon trained the sons of its wealthiest families without a single weekly hour devoted to the gods.

  23. In the small village of Qesarat, in southern Albania‘s Tepelenë district, an Italian-Albanian excavation team has just finished a summer season that turned up something unusual: six decorated floors from a Late Roman building, right at the edge of the Vjo…

  24. The archaeologists were not looking for a Sarmatian.

  25. In April 2009, newspapers around the world ran a headline that read like a cocktail menu: the center of the galaxy tastes of raspberries and smells of rum.

  26. For decades, one question has nagged at specialists in ancient Mexico: did Teotihuacan — the city that dominated central Mexico from roughly the first to the sixth century AD, with a population that may have reached 125,000 — actually have a writing syste…

  27. India calls it Haifa Day.

  28. A modest Roman bathhouse on Turkey’s southern coast spent its retirement very differently from how it began.

  29. In the 1970s, the small settlement of Stein, in Lower Austria, came close to becoming the site of the country’s second nuclear power plant.

  30. Roughly 315,000 years ago, a group of early humans lived in what is now Morocco.

  31. In each of the Bronze Age Greek communities analyzed, between 5% and 10% of the people buried had not grown up where they died.

  32. Archaeologists have spent thirty years puzzling over an unusually grim detail at Göbekli Tepe, the roughly 11,600-year-old site often called the world’s oldest temple.

  33. Finding fossils usually means months of fieldwork, a hammer, and a lot of patience.

  34. In the early 1980s, an American-Yugoslav team dug a trench roughly the size of a tennis court — 16 by 20 meters (52 by 66 feet) — into a low hill near the village of Opovo, in northern Serbia.

  35. Quarks, the smallest known building blocks of matter, are never seen alone.

  36. The team wasn’t even looking for a grave.

  37. Nobody expects to find a two-thousand-year-old fortification in the courtyards of a working hospital.

  38. In late 2025, conservators from Oxford’s Ashmolean Museum brought an unassuming object to the Diamond Light Source synchrotron in Oxfordshire: a terret, a small bronze loop that Iron Age chariots used to keep a horse’s reins from tangling.

  39. In 1889, a team from the École française de Rome reached a circular earthen mound roughly 30 meters (about 98 feet) across, in the Polledrara necropolis on the southern edge of the ancient Etruscan city of Vulci, in central Italy.

  40. In the mountainous interior of Sardinia, where the Gennargentu massif gives way to the valleys of the Flumendosa river, a site called S’Arcu ‘e is Forros has been surprising archaeologists for more than four decades.

  41. In the spring of 2019, workers dredging gravel at Deinham, a site on the Danube in Upper Austria, kept snagging strange double-pointed iron objects in the excavator’s bucket.

  42. A small piece of clay, not much bigger than a matchbox, took nearly a year for archaeologists to identify.

  43. Ten years of digging in the same corner of northern Spain tends to turn up plenty.

  44. About 56 miles (90 km) from Brescia and 75 miles (120 km) from Milan, in the Lombard Alps, the forest of Naquane is still turning up surprises after seventy years of excavation.

  45. Some discoveries impress because of their size or value, while others do so because of the exact place where they appear.

  46. An international team of astronomers has published a detailed study of VT J1906+0849, a radio source discovered in the VLASS survey (Very Large Array Sky Survey) that doesn’t resemble anything else previously catalogued in the Milky Way.

  47. Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) filled his notebooks with insects: dragonflies, bees, wasps, butterflies — almost all of them winged.

  48. A copper ingot cast somewhere in inland Sardinia during the Bronze Age might, centuries later, turn up in a Scottish tomb or a village in southern Sweden.

  49. Somewhere between an electron and a human being, the rules of physics change.

  50. Earth has never been a perfect sphere.